Buy custom student
Essay's paper info
| Topic: |
Science
|
| Number of pages / Number of words: |
3 / 831 |
Essay's paper body
Integument
Developmental Aspects: Adolescent to Adult
Skin and hair become oilier and acne may appear
Skin shows the effects of cumulative environmental assaults around age 30
Scaling and dermatitis become more common
Developmental Aspects: Old Age
Epidermal replacement of cells slows and skin becomes thinner
Skin becomes dry and itchy
Subcutaneous fat layer diminishes, leading to intolerance of cold
Decreased elasticity and loss of subcutaneous tissue leads to wrinkles
Decreased numbers of melanocytes and Langerhans' cells increase the risk of skin cancer
Epidermis
Composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium consisting of:
four distinct cell types
and four or five layers
Cell types include:
keratinocytes,
melanocytes,
Merkel cells,
Langerhans' cells
Outer portion of the skin is exposed to the external environment and functions in protection
Cells of the Epidermis
Keratinocytes ? produce the fibrous protein keratin
Melanocytes ? produce the brown pigment melanin
Langerhans' cells ? epidermal macrophages that help activate the immune system
Merkel cells ? function as touch receptors in association with sensory nerve endings
Skin (Integument)
Layers of the Epidermis
Epidermal Layers: Stratum Basale (Basal Layer)
Deepest epidermal layer
Firmly attached to the dermis
Consists of a single row of the youngest keratinocytes
Cells undergo rapid division, hence its alternate name, stratum germinativum
Epidermal Layers: Stratum Spinosum (Prickly Layer)
Cells contain a weblike system of intermediate filaments attached to desmosomes
Melanin granules &
Langerhans' cells are abundant in this layer
Epidermal Layers: Stratum Granulosum (Granular Layer)
Thin
Three to five cell layers
Keratinocytes change appearance drastically
Granules accumulate
Epidermal Layers: Stratum Lucidum (Clear Layer)
Thin, transparent band
Superficial to the stratum granulosum
A few rows of flat, dead keratinocytes
Present only in thick skin
Soles of feet
Palms of hands
Elbows
Epidermal Layers: Stratum Corneum (Horny Layer)
Outermost layer of keratinized cells
Accounts for three quarters of the epidermal thickness
Functions include:
Waterproofing
Protection from abrasion and penetration
Renders body relatively insensitive to biological, chemical, and physical assaults
Dermis
Second major skin region
Contains strong, flexible connective tissue
Cell types include
fibroblasts
macrophages
occasionally mast cells and white blood cells
Composed of two layers ?
Papillary
Reticular
Layers of the Dermis: Papillary Layer
Areolar connective tissue
collagen and elastic fibers
Surface contains nipplelike projections called dermal papillae ?(papilla' = ?nipple')
Dermal papillae contain
capillary loops
Meissner's corpuscles
free nerve endings
Layers of the Dermis: Reticular Layer
80% of the thickness of the skin
Collagen fibers
add strength and resiliency to the skin
Elastin fibers
provide stretch-recoil properties
Hypodermis
Subcutaneous layer deep to the skin
Adipose connective tissue
Areolar connective tissue
Blood vessels
Skin Color
Three pigments contribute to skin color
Melanin ? yellow to reddish-brown to black pigment
responsible for dark skin colors
Freckles and pigmented moles ? result from local accumulations of melanin
Carotene ? yellow to orange pigment
most obvious in the palms and soles of the feet
Hemoglobin ? reddish pigment
responsible for the pinkish hue of the skin
Sweat Glands
Different types prevent overheating of the body; secrete cerumen and milk
Eccrine sweat glands ? found in palms, soles of the feet, and forehead
Apocrine sweat glands ? found in axillary and anogenital areas
Ceruminous glands ? modified apocrine glands in external ear canal that secrete cerumen
Mammary glands ? specialized sweat glands that secrete milk
Sebaceous Glands
Simple alveolar glands found all over the body
Soften skin when stimulated by hormones
Secrete an oily secretion called sebum
Glands
Specialized Integumentary Structures: Nails
Scalelike modification of the epidermis on the distal, dorsal surface of fingers and toes
Specialized Integumentary Structures: Hair
Made up of:
the shaft projecting from the skin
the root embedded in the skin
Consists of:
a core called the medulla
a cortex
and an outermost cuticle
Pigmented by melanocytes at the base of the hair
Hair Function and Distribution
Why do we have hair?
Helps to maintain warmth
Alerts the body to presence of insects on the skin
Guards the scalp against physical trauma, heat loss, and sunlight
Hair is distributed over the entire body except:
Palms, soles, and lips
Nipples and portions of the external genitalia
Hair Follicle
Root sheath:
extends from the epidermal surface into the dermis
Deep end is expanded forming a hair bulb
A knot of sensory nerve endings (a root hair plexus) wraps around each hair bulb
Bending a hair stimulates these endings
our hairs act as sensory receptors
Hair Follicle
Hair Follicle
Types of Hair
Vellus ? pale, fine body hair
found in children and the adult female
Terminal ? coarse, long hair
eyebrows
scalp
axillary region
pubic regions
Hair Thinning and Baldness
Alopecia ? hair thinning in both sexes
True, or frank, baldness
Genetically determined
Sex-influenced condition
Male pattern baldness
Functions of the Integumentary System
Protection ? chemical, physical, and mechanical barrier
Body's first line of defense!
Body temperature regulation is accomplished by:
Dilation (cooling) & constriction (warming) of dermal vessels
Increasing sweat gland secretions to cool the body
Cutaneous sensation ? exoreceptors sense touch and pain
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Burns: Classification
Rule of Nines
Essay fragment
Read more
Need an Essay?
Choose one of the options below
Custom Written Essays
-
Order plagiarism free custom written essay
-
All essays are written from scratch by professional writers according to your instructions and delivered to your email on time. Prices start from $11.99 /page
Order Custom Paper
Full Access to Essays Database
-
This option gives you the immediate access to all
184 988 essays
-
You get access to all the essays and can view as many of them as you like for as little as
$28.95/month
Buy Database Access
If at our website you can not find any essay you need for your study, you can order a paper on any topic with us.
Our company employs only qualified writers that are Master's and PhD holders.
Order custom written essay
Benefits
-
Research papers are written by professional writers
-
Requirements are always met
-
Posibility to control the working process of your paper
-
A chance of becoming the best student in your class.
Integument
Developmental Aspects: Adolescent to Adult
Skin and hair become oilier and acne may appear
Skin shows the effects of cumulative environmental assaults around age 30
Scaling and dermatitis become more common
Developmental Aspects: Old Age
Epidermal replacement of cells slows and skin becomes thinner
Skin becomes dry and itchy
Subcutaneous fat layer diminishes, leading to intolerance of cold
Decreased elasticity and loss of subcutaneous tissue leads to wrinkles
Decreased numbers of melanocytes and Langerhans' cells increase the risk of skin cancer
Epidermis
Composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium consisting of:
four distinct cell types
and four or five layers
Cell types include:
keratinocytes,
melanocytes,
Merkel cells,
Langerhans' cells
Outer portion of the skin is exposed to the external environment and functions in protection
Cells of the Epidermis
Keratinocytes ? produce the fibrous protein keratin
Melanocytes ? produce the brown pigment melanin
Langerhans' cells ? epidermal macrophages that help activate the immune system
Merkel cells ? function as touch receptors in association with sensory nerve endings
Skin (Integument)
Layers of the Epidermis
Epidermal Layers: Stratum Basale (Basal Layer)
Deepest epidermal layer
Firmly attached to the dermis
Consists of a single row of the youngest keratinocytes
Cells undergo rapid division, hence its alternate name, stratum germinativum
Epidermal Layers: Stratum Spinosum (Prickly Layer)
Cells contain a weblike system of intermediate filaments attached to desmosomes
Melanin granules &
Langerhans' cells are abundant in this layer
Epidermal Layers: Stratum Granulosum (Granular Layer)
Thin
Three to five cell layers
Keratinocytes change appearance drastically
Granules accumulate
Epidermal Layers: Stratum Lucidum (Clear Layer)
Thin, transparent band
Superficial to the stratum granulosum
A few rows of flat, dead keratinocytes
Present only in thick skin
Soles of feet
Palms of hands
Elbows
Epidermal Layers: Stratum Corneum (Horny Layer)
Outermost layer of keratinized cells
Accounts for three quarters of the epidermal thickness
Functions include:
Waterproofing
Protection from abrasion and penetration
Renders body relatively insensitive to biological, chemical, and physical assaults
Dermis
Second major skin region
Contains strong, flexible connective tissue
Cell types include
fibroblasts
macrophages
occasionally mast cells and white blood cells
Composed of two layers ?
Papillary
Reticular
Layers of the Dermis: Papillary Layer
Areolar connective tissue
collagen and elastic fibers
Surface contains nipplelike projections called dermal papillae ?(papilla' = ?nipple')
Dermal papillae contain
capillary loops
Meissner's corpuscles
free nerve endings
Layers of the Dermis: Reticular Layer
80% of the thickness of the skin
Collagen fibers
add strength and resiliency to the skin
Elastin fibers
provide stretch-recoil properties
Hypodermis
Subcutaneous layer deep to the skin
Adipose connective tissue
Areolar connective tissue
Blood vessels
Skin Color
Three pigments contribute to skin color
Melanin ? yellow to reddish-brown to black pigment
responsible for dark skin colors
Freckles and pigmented moles ? result from local accumulations of melanin
Carotene ? yellow to orange pigment
most obvious in the palms and soles of the feet
Hemoglobin ? reddish pigment
responsible for the pinkish hue of the skin
Sweat Glands
Different types prevent overheating of the body; secrete cerumen and milk
Eccrine sweat glands ? found in palms, soles of the feet, and forehead
Apocrine sweat glands ? found in axillary and anogenital areas
Ceruminous glands ? modified apocrine glands in external ear canal that secrete cerumen
Mammary glands ? specialized sweat glands that secrete milk
Sebaceous Glands
Simple alveolar glands found all over the body
Soften skin when stimulated by hormones
Secrete an oily secretion called sebum
Glands
Specialized Integumentary Structures: Nails
Scalelike modification of the epidermis on the distal, dorsal surface of fingers and toes
Specialized Integumentary Structures: Hair
Made up of:
the shaft projecting from the skin
the root embedded in the skin
Consists of:
a core called the medulla
a cortex
and an outermost cuticle
Pigmented by melanocytes at the base of the hair
Hair Function and Distribution
Why do we have hair?
Helps to maintain warmth
Alerts the body to presence of insects on the skin
Guards the scalp against physical trauma, heat loss, and sunlight
Hair is distributed over the entire body except:
Palms, soles, and lips
Nipples and portions of the external genitalia
Hair Follicle
Root sheath:
extends from the epidermal surface into the dermis
Deep end is expanded forming a hair bulb
A knot of sensory nerve endings (a root hair plexus) wraps around each hair bulb
Bending a hair stimulates these endings
our hairs act as sensory receptors
Hair Follicle
Hair Follicle
Types of Hair
Vellus ? pale, fine body hair
found in children and the adult female
Terminal ? coarse, long hair
eyebrows
scalp
axillary region
pubic regions
Hair Thinning and Baldness
Alopecia ? hair thinning in both sexes
True, or frank, baldness
Genetically determined
Sex-influenced condition
Male pattern baldness
Functions of the Integumentary System
Protection ? chemical, physical, and mechanical barrier
Body's first line of defense!
Body temperature regulation is accomplished by:
Dilation (cooling) & constriction (warming) of dermal vessels
Increasing sweat gland secretions to cool the body
Cutaneous sensation ? exoreceptors sense touch and pain
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Burns: Classification
Rule of Nines
Essay fragment
General points of the essay
Race: Skin Deep?
Beauty Is Only Skin Deep
Helping Make Hair Loss History
skin deep
Examination of Onion Epidermal Cells
How Does The Skin Act As A Barrier
Natural Treatments for Hair Loss
Skin Secretions of Frogs
skin cells
The Comparison and Contraction Between Various Skin Cells
why skin comes in colors
IT'S A LIGHT SKIN WORLD: FAVORITISM ASSOCIATED WITH SKIN TONE, HAIR LENGTH AND TEXTURE
is everything skin deep?
Light Skin Vs. Dark Skin
Skin Color And Its Orgin
Essays related to the topic
