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Topic:	American History
Number of pages / Number of words:	6 / 1454

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Assembly Line Production

12 -14 hour workday

One mistake results in many injuries

Corporate Consildation

Businesses getting larger and larger

Bc court was very pro business

Gov’t unsure how to enforce

Holding Companies

Held certain amount of stock in industry

Usually meant it controlled the industrya

Factors of production

Leads to monopoly

Horizontal integration

Cartels

John D rockafeller

Standard oil

illegal

Verticle Integration

Own all factors of production in an industry

Allowed smaller businesses to “compete”

Legal

Both integrations practiced by captains of industry for guilded age

Created class of extremely powerful men

Interests not as same as society

Leads to Sherman Anti Act of 1890

Stops business from combination of conspiracy in restraint of trade

Supreme Court found loophole

Allowed businesses go

But condemned unions

Ex) EC knight owned 98% of sugar refining plant let go

Social Darwinism

Steel mogul Andrew Carnegie promotes

Only natural that richest are at the top

The gospel of wealth

Wealth means philanthropy

Suburbs

Bc mass transportation allowed Middle class would escape city surroundings

Lead to cities mainly immigrants

Ethnic neighborhoods

To escape prejudice

Political bosses

Think gangs of an area except more legal

Head of political machines

Gave all services a neighborhood needed

In return for vote as instructed

Ex) boss tweed

Knights of Labor

Founded by Uriah Stephens

Goals were

8 hour work day

= pay for men and women

Child labor laws

Safety and sanitary codes

Fed income tax

Gov’t ownership of railroad and telegraph

Eventually used violence which lead to decline in popularity

Terrence Powderly leads these strikes

Unsuccessful

Haymarket Square Riot

Someone blew a bomb

People blame a labor union

Even though no one really knows

“socialist radicals” from unions

Many in unions were socialist/utopian philosophy

American Federation of Labor(AFL)

Led by Samule Gompers

Concentrated on bread and butter issues

Higher wage shorter work hours

Realized union = more power by disclude unskilled ones

Most did not accept immigrants

Blacks nor women

Was just a confederation of trade unions

A bunch of unions exclusive to a trade

Settlement houses

Hull House was the first one

Headed by Jane Addams

Won Nobel peace prize in 1931

Laid foundation for progressive era

Increasing gap between rich and poor

Defines era

Entertainment industry

Popular novels

Newspaper

Yellow journalism

Joesph Pulizter and William Randolph Hearst

South stayed on agriculture

Some progress

Tobacco processing plants

Hired some workers

Textile mills

Reduced dependence

Most stayed as farmers

Post war econ

Made many farmers sell land

Wealthy bought

Forced in share cropping

Using the crop lien system

Kept poor very poor

No money so borrowed $$ to buy seeds

Huge debts and interest; unscrupulous owners

Jim Crow Laws

Northern gov’t less control over southern

Equal protection must be from states rather than federal

Supreme Court stated 14th didn’t protect from private businesses

Also reversed civil rights act of 1875

Legal segregation

Plessy v Ferguson

“separate but equal”

Setback all civil rights gains of recon era

Booker T Washington

Accused of being accommodationist

Bc didn’t immediately ask for equal rights

But he just had good idea of what he could do during his time

Created a Tuskegee institute

“Atlanta exposition”

WEB Du bois refers to as “Atlanta Compromise”

Raching and Mining

Ranchers move into NA territory

If find a mine

Sell rights to company

Railroads

Expanded west

Built at publics expense

Bc gov’t wanted them to be completed

Asked for substantial assistance

Owners against any fed control of RR

B4 regulartion, over charge when monopoly

Undercharge if competitive

Bad for farmers in region

connected towns with civilization

“railroad time” first standardized method of time telling

Little Big Horn

Only NA battle won

Fought bc RR destroying buffalo

Frontier gone by 1890

Progressive historian Turner/Frontier Thesis frontier crucial that it:

1 shaping of American character

2 defning of spirit

3 fostering democracy

4 providing safety valve for econ distress in urban areas

Gov’t recognized potential of land n agriculter center

1862:

Homestead Act

Gave 160 acres of land to anyone who would

Cultivate land, build home, live there

“create a homestead”

Morrill Land Grant Act

$$ for Agriculture colleges

Dawes Severalty Act

Split up Indian land

Didn’t work

Many poor and had to sel land

Must live ther for 25 years

American citizenship eventually

Didn’t work

Reversed in 1934 NA were all gone anyway

RR regulations

States imposed

Munn vs Illinois

Said that RR crossing state lines Congress can regulate

States can regulate private industry that served ‘public interest”

Wabash case

States cannot establish rates involving interstate commerce

Interstsate Commerce Act

First federal regulatory law in US history!!

Set up Interstate Commerce Commision ( ICC)

Regulated RR activites in unfair/unethical

Lived to Reagan years

Demonstrated govt good intentions butineffective

RR won in business <3 courts

Pendleton Act

Civil service reform

Created in response to charges of patronage in awarding govt jobs

Created civil service commission

Oversee examinations for potential gov’t employees

Susan b Anthony

Important poltical issue was women’s suffrage

Bill introduced every year but did not get out of committee

American Suffrage Assocation

For making amendments to state constitutions

1890 could vote on school issues

Silver vs Gold

Farmers wanted more $$ (silver) into econ

So inflation could make their debts smaller

Also silver mined from west

Big bankers opposed as they like gold more

Class strife

Grange Movement

Farmers organzing to raise $ to buy machinery

To reap benefits of econ of scale

Died out bc of lack of $

Replaced with

Famers’ Alliance

More successful than Grange

Eventually became People’s Party

Part of the populist movement

Peoples’ party

Wanted silver

Gov’t ownership of RR and telegraphs

Graduated income tx

Direct election of US senators

Shorter workdays

Presidential candidate came in third in an election

Awakened US gov on their growing power

Clevelands Prez 1893

Nation entered financial crises

Money problem really bad

Most people didn’t have $

Radical movements gained lots of popularity bc of it

Socialists

Lead by Eugene Debs

Populists

Prez candidate Wiliam Jennings

Pure silver platform “free silver”

“cross of gold” speech

Stated that more money would loosen control

Northern states interests

ran against repub nomee William McKinley

end of populist era

William Jennings bryan losing election and

Improved econ

From now on Repub = pro business

Tariffs Trends

Domestic industries, Repubs

Wanted high protective tariffs

But hurt relations

Wilson Gorman tariff seen as one cuase of Spanish American war

Democrats, Farmers

Low tariffs

McKinley Tarif

50% duties on everything except sugar

New Markets

Us now leading industrial power

Looking overseas for markets

Bc Nationalism

Thought American life was the best

Wanted to spread US ways

Expansionism and Imperialism

William H Seward

Called for more US participation in western hemisphere

Purchase of alaksa

Used Monroe doctrine to get the French out of mexico

Led to developments in latin America

Considered expansionism

Was generally accepted

Imperialism

Naval captain Alfred t mahan

Wrote influence of sea power upon history (1890)

Made govt interested in colonies

Outlined power in foreign ports

But to get there you need a strong navy

Led to creation of New Navy

and foreign acquisitions

Hawaii

Looking for trade route to asia

Overthrew native gov’t

Annexed Hawaii after

Econ collapse and we give them no tariff

And then stabilized so give them high tariff

White minority then overthrows natives

Japan pissed off bc most residents are japanese

Ex) pearl harbor

Cuba

Revolted against Spanish control

Intigated by US tariffs

Violent Cuban civil war follows

Details gory in newspapers through yellow

USS Maine explodes in havana gives impetus for spanish American war

Leads to treaty of paris

Grants cuba independence

Gives US Phillippines, Puerto Rico and Guam

Platt Ammendment(for cuban constitution)

Cuba had to agree to this or else US troops would not leave

Made it so we controlled Cuban foreign policy

1 cuba not permitted to sign foreign treaty without US consent

2 US could intervene in Cuban doestic and foreign affairs

3 naval base and coaling station

Repealed during FDR’s commission with the good neighbor policy

But naval base stayed til today

Guantanamo bay

Phillipines

US not sure if should annex

If gave independence some other Euro would conquer it

Us would lose valuable resource

Also white man’s burden

Phillipinos could not rule themselves

Many believed US duty to “chritianize and civilize” philipinos

Eventually decided to annex

Many didn’t like bc made us like British

Resulted in guerilla war

But eventually got under control

1946 independence

Insular Cases

Does constitution follow the flat?

Nope; congress can do what it wants in colonial possessions

China

US wants some piece of the china pie

Creates open door policy for all western nations

Euro power wanted to keep markets they fought for

Boxer rebellion changes their mind

US sent troops to defeat boxers

Now US allowed in

Essay fragment Read more

Assembly Line Production

12 -14 hour workday

One mistake results in many injuries

Corporate Consildation

Businesses getting larger and larger

Bc court was very pro business

Gov’t unsure how to enforce

Holding Companies

Held certain amount of stock in industry

Usually meant it controlled the industrya

Factors of production

Leads to monopoly

Horizontal integration

Cartels

John D rockafeller

Standard oil

illegal

Verticle Integration

Own all factors of production in an industry

Allowed smaller businesses to “compete”

Legal

Both integrations practiced by captains of industry for guilded age

Created class of extremely powerful men

Interests not as same as society

Leads to Sherman Anti Act of 1890

Stops business from combination of conspiracy in restraint of trade

Supreme Court found loophole

Allowed businesses go

But condemned unions

Ex) EC knight owned 98% of sugar refining plant let go

Social Darwinism

Steel mogul Andrew Carnegie promotes

Only natural that richest are at the top

The gospel of wealth

Wealth means philanthropy

Suburbs

Bc mass transportation allowed Middle class would escape city surroundings

Lead to cities mainly immigrants

Ethnic neighborhoods

To escape prejudice

Political bosses

Think gangs of an area except more legal

Head of political machines

Gave all services a neighborhood needed

In return for vote as instructed

Ex) boss tweed

Knights of Labor

Founded by Uriah Stephens

Goals were

8 hour work day

= pay for men and women

Child labor laws

Safety and sanitary codes

Fed income tax

Gov’t ownership of railroad and telegraph

Eventually used violence which lead to decline in popularity

Terrence Powderly leads these strikes

Unsuccessful

Haymarket Square Riot

Someone blew a bomb

People blame a labor union

Even though no one really knows

“socialist radicals” from unions

Many in unions were socialist/utopian philosophy

American Federation of Labor(AFL)

Led by Samule Gompers

Concentrated on bread and butter issues

Higher wage shorter work hours

Realized union = more power by disclude unskilled ones

Most did not accept immigrants

Blacks nor women

Was just a confederation of trade unions

A bunch of unions exclusive to a trade

Settlement houses

Hull House was the first one

Headed by Jane Addams

Won Nobel peace prize in 1931

Laid foundation for progressive era

Increasing gap between rich and poor

Defines era

Entertainment industry

Popular novels

Newspaper

Yellow journalism

Joesph Pulizter and William Randolph Hearst

South stayed on agriculture

Some progress

Tobacco processing plants

Hired some workers

Textile mills

Reduced dependence

Most stayed as farmers

Post war econ

Made many farmers sell land

Wealthy bought

Forced in share cropping

Using the crop lien system

Kept poor very poor

No money so borrowed $$ to buy seeds

Huge debts and interest; unscrupulous owners

Jim Crow Laws

Northern gov’t less control over southern

Equal protection must be from states rather than federal

Supreme Court stated 14th didn’t protect from private businesses

Also reversed civil rights act of 1875

Legal segregation

Plessy v Ferguson

“separate but equal”

Setback all civil rights gains of recon era

Booker T Washington

Accused of being accommodationist

Bc didn’t immediately ask for equal rights

But he just had good idea of what he could do during his time

Created a Tuskegee institute

“Atlanta exposition”

WEB Du bois refers to as “Atlanta Compromise”

Raching and Mining

Ranchers move into NA territory

If find a mine

Sell rights to company

Railroads

Expanded west

Built at publics expense

Bc gov’t wanted them to be completed

Asked for substantial assistance

Owners against any fed control of RR

B4 regulartion, over charge when monopoly

Undercharge if competitive

Bad for farmers in region

connected towns with civilization

“railroad time” first standardized method of time telling

Little Big Horn

Only NA battle won

Fought bc RR destroying buffalo

Frontier gone by 1890

Progressive historian Turner/Frontier Thesis frontier crucial that it:

1 shaping of American character

2 defning of spirit

3 fostering democracy

4 providing safety valve for econ distress in urban areas

Gov’t recognized potential of land n agriculter center

1862:

Homestead Act

Gave 160 acres of land to anyone who would

Cultivate land, build home, live there

“create a homestead”

Morrill Land Grant Act

$$ for Agriculture colleges

Dawes Severalty Act

Split up Indian land

Didn’t work

Many poor and had to sel land

Must live ther for 25 years

American citizenship eventually

Didn’t work

Reversed in 1934 NA were all gone anyway

RR regulations

States imposed

Munn vs Illinois

Said that RR crossing state lines Congress can regulate

States can regulate private industry that served ‘public interest”

Wabash case

States cannot establish rates involving interstate commerce

Interstsate Commerce Act

First federal regulatory law in US history!!

Set up Interstate Commerce Commision ( ICC)

Regulated RR activites in unfair/unethical

Lived to Reagan years

Demonstrated govt good intentions butineffective

RR won in business <3 courts

Pendleton Act

Civil service reform

Created in response to charges of patronage in awarding govt jobs

Created civil service commission

Oversee examinations for potential gov’t employees

Susan b Anthony

Important poltical issue was women’s suffrage

Bill introduced every year but did not get out of committee

American Suffrage Assocation

For making amendments to state constitutions

1890 could vote on school issues

Silver vs Gold

Farmers wanted more $$ (silver) into econ

So inflation could make their debts smaller

Also silver mined from west

Big bankers opposed as they like gold more

Class strife

Grange Movement

Farmers organzing to raise $ to buy machinery

To reap benefits of econ of scale

Died out bc of lack of $

Replaced with

Famers’ Alliance

More successful than Grange

Eventually became People’s Party

Part of the populist movement

Peoples’ party

Wanted silver

Gov’t ownership of RR and telegraphs

Graduated income tx

Direct election of US senators

Shorter workdays

Presidential candidate came in third in an election

Awakened US gov on their growing power

Clevelands Prez 1893

Nation entered financial crises

Money problem really bad

Most people didn’t have $

Radical movements gained lots of popularity bc of it

Socialists

Lead by Eugene Debs

Populists

Prez candidate Wiliam Jennings

Pure silver platform “free silver”

“cross of gold” speech

Stated that more money would loosen control

Northern states interests

ran against repub nomee William McKinley

end of populist era

William Jennings bryan losing election and

Improved econ

From now on Repub = pro business

Tariffs Trends

Domestic industries, Repubs

Wanted high protective tariffs

But hurt relations

Wilson Gorman tariff seen as one cuase of Spanish American war

Democrats, Farmers

Low tariffs

McKinley Tarif

50% duties on everything except sugar

New Markets

Us now leading industrial power

Looking overseas for markets

Bc Nationalism

Thought American life was the best

Wanted to spread US ways

Expansionism and Imperialism

William H Seward

Called for more US participation in western hemisphere

Purchase of alaksa

Used Monroe doctrine to get the French out of mexico

Led to developments in latin America

Considered expansionism

Was generally accepted

Imperialism

Naval captain Alfred t mahan

Wrote influence of sea power upon history (1890)

Made govt interested in colonies

Outlined power in foreign ports

But to get there you need a strong navy

Led to creation of New Navy

and foreign acquisitions

Hawaii

Looking for trade route to asia

Overthrew native gov’t

Annexed Hawaii after

Econ collapse and we give them no tariff

And then stabilized so give them high tariff

White minority then overthrows natives

Japan pissed off bc most residents are japanese

Ex) pearl harbor

Cuba

Revolted against Spanish control

Intigated by US tariffs

Violent Cuban civil war follows

Details gory in newspapers through yellow

USS Maine explodes in havana gives impetus for spanish American war

Leads to treaty of paris

Grants cuba independence

Gives US Phillippines, Puerto Rico and Guam

Platt Ammendment(for cuban constitution)

Cuba had to agree to this or else US troops would not leave

Made it so we controlled Cuban foreign policy

1 cuba not permitted to sign foreign treaty without US consent

2 US could intervene in Cuban doestic and foreign affairs

3 naval base and coaling station

Repealed during FDR’s commission with the good neighbor policy

But naval base stayed til today

Guantanamo bay

Phillipines

US not sure if should annex

If gave independence some other Euro would conquer it

Us would lose valuable resource

Also white man’s burden

Phillipinos could not rule themselves

Many believed US duty to “chritianize and civilize” philipinos

Eventually decided to annex

Many didn’t like bc made us like British

Resulted in guerilla war

But eventually got under control

1946 independence

Insular Cases

Does constitution follow the flat?

Nope; congress can do what it wants in colonial possessions

China

US wants some piece of the china pie

Creates open door policy for all western nations

Euro power wanted to keep markets they fought for

Boxer rebellion changes their mind

US sent troops to defeat boxers

Now US allowed in

Essay fragment

General points of the essay

EQUAL CIVIL RIGHTS IN AMERICAN HISTORY American Labor Movement: Development Of Unions Why Has The People’S Action Party (Pap) In Singapore Proved To Be More Successful In Staying In Power Long Term As Compared To Either The Republicans Or Democrats In The United States Of America? American Foreign Policy: Realpolitiks Vs. Human Rights Labor Unions in the United States How Successful Was Bismarck In Maintaining His Political Control In Germany In The Years 1878 To 1890? Leaders and Legislation of The Civil Rights and Black Power Movement What Are The Rights That Undivided Owners Enjoy And How Has The Enactment Of The Trusts Of Land And Appointment Of Trustees Act 1996 Affected Those Rights? BP America Production Co., Successor in interest to Amoco Production Co., et al. v. Burton, Acting Assistant Secretary, Land and Minerals Management, Department of the Interior, et al. History Of African-American Civil Rights Discuss How The Converging Interests Of Farming Ranching And The Railroad Contributed To The Closing Of The Frontier And The Rise Of Conflicting Interests That Would Strengthen Populism And Lead To Attempts To Address The Abuses Of The Railroads. Evolution of the legal status of American Unions United States Constitution And The United States Legal System In Business Regulation. Role of Time in William Faulkner's The Sound & the Fury & T.S. Eliot's "The Waste Land." Organizations of national parks admit that they cannot buy all the land nor protect it single handedly. Their method is to join business, governments, partner organizations and indigenous people together.

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